Father's
Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal
bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. The tradition was said to be
started from a memorial service held for a large group of men who died in a
mining accident in Monongah, West Virginia in 1907. It was first proposed by
Sonora Dodd of Spokane, Washington in 1909. It is currently celebrated in the
United States annually on the third Sunday in June.
Father's
Day was founded in Spokane, Washington at the YMCA in 1910 by Sonora Smart
Dodd, who was born in Arkansas. Its first celebration was in the Spokane YMCA
on June 19, 1910. Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was
a single parent who raised his six children there. After hearing a sermon about
Jarvis' Mother's Day at Central Methodist Episcopal Church in 1909, she told
her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them. Although
she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors did not have
enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the
third Sunday of June.
It
did not have much success initially. In the 1920s, Dodd stopped promoting the
celebration because she was studying in the Art Institute of Chicago, and it
faded into relative obscurity, even in Spokane. In the 1930s Dodd returned to
Spokane and started promoting the celebration again, raising awareness at a
national level. She had the help of those trade groups that would benefit most
from the holiday, for example the manufacturers of ties, tobacco pipes, and any
traditional present to fathers. Since 1938 she had the help of the Father's Day
Council, founded by the New York Associated Men's Wear Retailers to consolidate
and systematize the commercial promotion. Americans resisted the holiday during
a few decades, perceiving it as just an attempt by merchants to replicate the
commercial success of Mother's Day, and newspapers frequently featured cynical
and sarcastic attacks and jokes. But the trade groups did not give up: they
kept promoting it and even incorporated the jokes into their adverts, and they
eventually succeeded. By the mid-1980s the Father's Council wrote that
"(...) [Father's Day] has become a Second Christmas for all the men's
gift-oriented industries."
A
bill to accord national recognition of the holiday was introduced in Congress
in 1913. In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson went to Spokane to speak in a
Father's Day celebration and wanted to make it official, but Congress resisted,
fearing that it would become commercialized. US President Calvin Coolidge
recommended in 1924 that the day be observed by the nation, but stopped short
of issuing a national proclamation. Two earlier attempts to formally recognize
the holiday had been defeated by Congress. In 1957, Maine Senator Margaret
Chase Smith wrote a proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years
while honoring mothers, thus "[singling] out just one of our two
parents". In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first
presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in
June as Father's Day. Six years later, the day was made a permanent national
holiday when President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1972.
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